Efectividad de diferentes tratamientos preventivos en condiciones de campo frente a hongos e insectos xilófagos
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Abstract
Se presenta un estudio comparativo de la efectividad de seis tratamientos químicos frente a los hongos e insectos xilófagos que afectan a la madera durante el proceso de secado natural. Se empleó la especie Bursera simaruba (L.,) Sargent., muy susceptible al ataque de estos organismos. Los tratamientos se aplicaron mediante el método de brocha. El ensayo se efectuó en condiciones de campo y tuvo una duración de seis semanas. Sobre los testigos y en algunas de las muestras tratadas, se aislaron los hongos Alternaria sp., Curvularia sp., Diplodia sp., Fusarium sp., Ceratocystis sp., los cuales originaron manchas en éstas. No se presentaron afectaciones por insectos. Los tratamientos empleados fueron: pentaclorofenato de sodio al 4% mezclado con dieldrin al 1%; ortofenil-fenato-sódico al 1 y 2% y diferentes mezclas de bórax y ácido bórico. Los tres primeros resultaron más eficaces que las mezclas de bórax y ácido bórico, al inhibir completamente el desarrollo de los hongos; éstas últimas tuvieron una efectividad parcial.
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