Field development of in vitro propagated Swietenia macrophylla King: comparative evaluation with conventional propagation
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Abstract
The conservation of Swietenia macrophylla, a species threatened by overexploitation and low seed germination, is crucial for biodiversity and the timber industry. This study evaluated the field development of Swietenia plants propagated in vitro by somatic embryogenesis, comparing them with conventionally propagated plants. A total of 498 individuals (31 in vitro and 467 conventional) were planted at the Placetas Agro-Forestry Experimental Station, Cuba, under a repeated measures design. Morphological variables (height, diameter, number of stems) and survival were measured over 14 months. The results showed that the in vitro plants outperformed conventional plants in height (4.10 vs. 3.85 cm) and diameter (0.24 vs. 0.01 cm), with a significantly higher survival rate (81% vs. 66%). Nonparametric analyses (Kruskal-Wallis) confirmed significant differences (p < 0.05) in growth from the second month onwards. It was concluded that in vitro propagation produces more vigorous and adapted plants, making it a viable strategy for species conservation.
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